The Karvonen method is used to determine training intensity based on which factor?

The Karvonen method is a formula used to determine the target heart rate for exercise, and it specifically incorporates the resting heart rate as a significant factor. The method is based on the premise that an individual's heart rate response to exercise is closely related to their fitness level, which is evidenced by their resting heart rate. A lower resting heart rate typically indicates a higher cardiovascular fitness level.

To apply the Karvonen method, you first calculate your maximum heart rate, usually estimated by subtracting your age from 220. Then, the resting heart rate is measured, ideally after waking in the morning, which provides a baseline for cardiovascular efficiency. The difference between the maximum heart rate and the resting heart rate gives the heart rate reserve, which is then multiplied by the desired intensity level (for example, 50-85% for moderate to vigorous exercise) and added to the resting heart rate. This results in an accurate target training heart rate that accounts for individual fitness levels.

While maximum heart rate is part of the calculations in this method, it is the resting heart rate that personalizes the formula, reflecting an individual's fitness status. Body mass index and aerobic fitness level, while relevant in different contexts for assessing overall health and fitness, do not play direct roles in