Which is characterized by both food restriction and purging behaviors?

Bulimia nervosa is characterized by a cycle of food restriction followed by episodes of binge eating, which are then typically accompanied by purging behaviors such as vomiting, excessive exercise, or the use of laxatives. This disorder involves a complex interplay of psychological, biological, and social factors, leading to severe concerns about body image and weight.

Individuals with bulimia nervosa often exhibit a pattern where they might restrict their food intake in an attempt to lose weight or maintain a certain figure, followed by loss of control over eating leading to binge episodes. This pattern creates a distressing cycle as they engage in purging practices to offset the effects of binge eating, which can lead to physical health issues and significant emotional distress.

Other options, such as anorexia nervosa, typically involve food restriction but do not necessarily include purging behaviors to the same extent seen in bulimia. Oligomenorrhea and primary amenorrhea are related to menstrual cycle irregularities and do not define behavior patterns surrounding eating. Thus, the correct answer highlights the specific behaviors that are central to bulimia nervosa, making it the appropriate choice.